Bash: I/O Redirection
October 10th, 2009
| Redirector | Function |
|---|---|
| cmd1 | cmd2 | Pipe; take standard output of cmd1 as standard input to cmd2 |
| > file | Direct standard output to file |
| < file | Take standard input from file |
| >> file | Direct standard output to file; append to file if it already exists |
| >| file | Force standard output to file even if noclobber is set |
| n>| file | Force output to file from file descriptor |
| n | even if noclobber set |
| <> file | Use file as both standard input and standard output |
| n<> file | Use file as both input and output for the file descriptor n |
| << label | Here-document |
| n> file | Direct file descriptor n to file |
| n< file | Take file descriptor n from file |
| >> file | Direct file descriptor n to file; append to file if it already exists |
| n>& | Duplicate standard output to file descriptor n |
| n<& | Duplicate standard input from file descriptor n |
| n>&m | File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the output file descriptor |
| n<&m | File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the input file descriptor |
| &> file | Directs standard output and standard error to file |
| <&- | Close the standard input |
| >&- | Close the standard output |
| n>&- | Close the output from file descriptor n |
| n<&- | Close the input from file descriptor n |
Useful Articles:
Redirection (Wikipedia)
Vi IMproved
